Using fractional differentiation in astronomy

In a recent paper, published at arXiv:0910.2381, we started a discussion on the new possibilities arising from the use of fractional differential calculus in image processing. We have seen that the fractional calculation is able to enhance the quality of images, with interesting possibilities in edge detection and image restoration. Here, we want to discuss more deeply its role as a tool for the processing of astronomical images. In particular, the fractional differentiation can help produce a ‘content-matter’ based image from a pretty astronomical image that can be used for more research and scientific purposes, for instance to reveal faint objects galactic matter, nebulosity, more stars and planetary surface detail.